Golikova S. V. Population Pyramids of the Perm Province, 1795–1887

Svetlana V. Golikova
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: avokilog@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-8272-4763

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UDC 94(470.5)“1795/1887”
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-2-88-105

ABSTRACT. The author examines age-sex pyramids based on materials from revision lists and censuses of the population of the Urals at the end of the 18th – 19th centuries. They have been a visual analysis tool since the 1880s as a clear and effective way for demographers to study census data on sex and age. Population pyramids allow widespread using of both diachronic and synchronic comparative methods. Thanks to the age pyramids, a phenomenon called “age heaping” was discovered, methods for its calculating were developed, showing the accuracy of age data (Whipple’s index became the most popular), and a connection was established between the values of the index and the level of literacy of the population. Analysis of the pyramids (residents of the Nizhni Tagil plant for 1795 and 1878, Chermoz plant for 1887, Okhansky uezd of the Perm province for 1858) showed that the population had a traditional type and an expanded reproduction regime. The population age profiles reflected two characteristic features of the inhabitants of the Perm province: high infant mortality and a significant excess of women over men. The cause of the disproportion was male excess mortality due to the use of a predominantly male workforce in the metallurgical and mining industries of the region. The Whipple indexes showed that age data in revision lists has a very high degree of accuracy. When enumerators began collecting age information by surveying residents, the reliability of the information decreased, but soon again.

KEYWORDS: historical demography, population pyramids, age heaping, Whipple’s index, Perm province

For citation: Golikova S. V. [Population Pyramids of the Perm Province, 1795–1887]. Istoriko- geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2024, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 88 105. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-2-88-105 (In Russian).

Received 3 May 2024
Accepted 1 June 2024

© 2024 The Autor

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