Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511

Andrey V. Belyakov
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia
E-mail: belafeb@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-8588-9192

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УДК 94(470.314)”14/16”
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-1-128-137

ABSTRACT. Until now, we do not really understand how the administration of the Moscow state was organized in regions with a predominantly non-Orthodox population. The monograph under review reveals some aspects of the management of the Eastern Meshchera in the 15th — early 17th centuries. In their research, the authors focused primarily on such a phenomenon as “Mordovian princes”. They were the Tatar nobility, who received income from a certain part of the Mordovians (Mordovian belyaks) for their service. Thanks to a comprehensive study of documents, including those from regional archives, the use of cartographic materials, as well as European and Eastern authors’ reports, it was possible to create a holistic picture of the events that developed in the region under study for over 150 years. The researchers prove quite reasonably that Moscow in such territories did not strive for a quick breakdown of the previous management models, but organically fit them into new conditions. Change could have accumulated gradually, almost imperceptibly for members of the same generation. Although, in the end, the desire to unify the nationwide management system can be traced. The value of the observations made by the researchers increases due to the fact that the obtained picture of the management of the Eastern Meshchera region, with some amendments, can be used as a basic model for studying other regions of the Middle Volga region with a predominantly non-Russian (non-Orthodox) population.

KEYWORDS: Meshchera, “Mordovian princes”, service Tatars, Mordovians, belyak, Temnikov, Russian state of the 15th–17th centuries

For citation: Belyakov A. V. Discovering the Meshchera (Review: Akchurin M., Isheev M., Abdiev A. The era of the Tatar princes in the Meshchera (15–17th centuries). Kazan: Sh. Mardzhani Institute of History, 2021. 316 p.) // Historical Geography Journal. 2022. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 128–137.

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Alexander V. Shekov
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Tula, Russia
E-mail: shekovav@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-7010-9672

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УДК 94(470)”14”:913
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-1-138-143

ABSTRACT. The paper criticizes R. A. Bespalov’s arguments that the well-known Novosilsk-Lithuanian treaty should be dated not to 1442 but to 1447. The chronology of the treaty is important for understanding the boundaries of the spread of Muscovite and Lithuanian suzerainties during the feudal wars in Russia and Lithuania in the second third of the 15th century. To substantiate the dating of the treaty, information about the granting of possessions in the Smolensk Volost of Demena by the Grand Duke of Lithuania is important. This information is known from the registration records in the Lithuanian Metrica. The specifics of the source make it impossible to understand in a number of cases whether the owner of the volost changed or whether it was about fractional ownership of it. According to other acts, it is known that the system of land awards of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania to the Upper Oka princes in the 15th  century assumed shared ownership of volosts as feuds, combined with a system of subvassalities. In addition, historians know the phenomenon of royal absentee lists, when one estate could be granted to different persons in a short time. Therefore, R. A. Bespalov’s opinion that a number of awards in the Demene volost could not be made in a relatively short time (1440–1442) is not a serious argument in favor of the later dating of the treaty — 1447. R. A. Bespalov’s assumption about the transition of Prince F. L. Vorotynsky to the rule of the Lithuanian overlord only at the beginning of 1447 is not confirmed by the text of the 1449 Moscow-Lithuanian treaty.

KEYWORDS: Novosilsk-Lithuanian treaty, paleography, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Prince Vorotynsky, Vorotynsk principality

For citation: Shekov A. V. On the dating of the Novosilsk-Lithuanian Treaty of the mid-15th century in terms of historical geography // Historical Geography Journal. 2022. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 138–143.

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