Polovnikov L. V. Natural and Social Determinants of Medieval House-Building in the Perm Cis-Urals

Leonid V. Polovnikov
Perm National Research Polytechnic University (Russia, Perm)
ORCID: 0000-0003-1769-4929
E-mail: lv_polovnikoff@mail.ru

 Download | Back to the Content № 3. 2025

UDC: 94(470.5)
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-3-16-35

ABSTRACT. The article examines the natural, climatic and socioeconomic factors that predetermined the vector of house-building techniques of the Perm Cis-Urals in the Middle Ages (7th –15th centuries) focusing on the Lomovatovo and Rodanovo archaeological cultures. Drawing upon a wide range of scholarly publications, the study systematizes the structural features and interior organization of dwellings. It is noted that the frame-and-post construction technique remained dominant throughout the period, with field data from the last 30 years failing to confirm a widespread transition to log-building techniques or a trend towards reducing living space. The most evident evolution is observed in interior details, which became increasingly complex over time. The study attempts to demonstrate the adaptation of local tribes to the region’s environmental conditions through the lens of domestic architecture. This is evident in the predominant use of local forest resources — primarily pine, and less frequently spruce and larch — although the deliberate selection of tree species based on their physico-mechanical properties cannot be ruled out. The prolonged winter period necessitated the development of methods to retain heat and maintain dryness inside dwellings, leading to the construction of earth embankments along walls, the evolution of heating systems, and improvements in floor construction. However, the harsh conditions rarely allowed for the achievement of fully comfortable results, and the inability to maintain a stable indoor temperature was likely to have a negative impact on the inhabitant’s health. Furthermore, growing productive forces influenced the development of interior elements (partitions, utility pits). The construction of houses appeared to have been due to collective labor of the communities’ able-bodied population, possibly with the involvement of experienced carpenters.

KEYWORDS: archaeology, dwellings, Perm Cis-Ural, Lomovatovo culture, Rodanovo culture, hearth, post-frame construction

For citation: Polovnikov L. V. [Natural and Social Determinants of Medieval House-Building in the Perm Cis-Urals]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2025, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16–35. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-3-16-35 (In Russian).

Received 14 June 2025
Accepted 12 August 2025

© 2025 The Author

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