Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511

Georgy N. Shumkin
Candidate of historical sciences, senior researcher, Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: shumk@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-1858-8001

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UDC 94(47)”18”
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-2-56-77

ABSTRACT. The article attempts to consider changes of notions about the geography of the mining industry in the Russian Empire’s legislation in the 19th century. It reveals that the legislator’s ideas about the geography of the mining industry in the XIX century went through three stages: 1) the “stage of divisions” (the beginning of the 19th century); 2) the “stage of grades” (1830s — 50s); 3) the “stage of mountain regions” (the end of the 19th century), which split into two sub-stages – the creation of mountain districts for the supervision of private industry and the formation of mountain regions. With each subsequent stage, it covered more and more space, more and more segments of the mining and metallurgical industry fell within the scope of the “Mining statute”. All territorial formations were increasingly unified in their structure. At the first stage, the “divisions” did not have clearly defined borders (with the exception of the Urals). At the second stage, the localization of the “grades” was recorded quite clearly. At the third stage, a single two-level structure of territorial formations was introduced, consisting of mountain regions and mountain districts. The mountainous regions covered almost the entire space of the Russian Empire. It is concluded that these changes in the mining industry map can be well explained by modernization processes (industrialization, unification of law, unification and bureaucratization of management). It is noted that the creation of the mountain regions system coincided with the rapid growth of the mining industry in the 1890s.

KEYWORDS: mining industry, geography, legislation, mining district, mountain region

For citation: Shumkin G. N. Geography of the Mining Industry in Russia’s Legislation of the 19th Century // Historical Geography Journal. 2022. Vol. 1. № 2. P. 56–77.

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Vladimir N. Kruglov
Candidate of historical sciences, senior researcher, Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences; editor, “Russian History” journal
Moscow, Russia
E-mail: vladimirkruglov2007@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-0255-7710

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UDC 94(47)”19/20”:332.1
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-2-78-109

ABSTRACT. The article is concerned with the problem of economic zoning in relation to the territorial organization of Russia. Having originated conceptually in the second half of the 19th century, in the 1920s zoning was chosen by a new political regime, which set the task of a radical revision of the spatial structure to create on its basis a new territorial division. However, the reform very quickly got politicized and put at the service of the struggle for power and consolidation of the position. The new division itself did not last long, disappearing from the map of the country a decade later, by the end of the 1930s. Despite this, scientific research in this area continued, in the early 1960s a grid of economic regions of the USSR was introduced, which is still operating in the part that remained on the territory of modern Russia. In addition, the experience of the 1920s has not lost its appeal with new generations of scientists, primarily economists and geographers. Already in the 1970s and 1980s, there were calls for return to it, and in the 1990s and 2000s it has been repeatedly considered as the preferred option for restructuring the territorial division of Russian regions. It is possible to actualize the idea of economic zoning (in one form or another) in the future. However, the realism and desirability of such a scenario for a number of reasons is questionable.

KEYWORDS: economic zoning, administrative-territorial division, RSFSR, political history of the 20th century, socio-political discussion

For citation: Kruglov V. N. Economic Zoning as a Factor of Russia’s Administrative-Territorial Division in the 20th–21st Centuries // Historical Geography Journal. 2022. Vol. 1. № 2. P. 78–109.

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