Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511 (Print) | ISSN 3034-5286 (Online)

Andrey V. Lagutkin
Tver’ State University (Russia, Tver’)
ORCID: 0009-0000-8919-2173
E-mail: and_lagutkin@mail.ru

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UDC 94(470.331)«1940/1953:913»
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-54-61

ABSTRACT. The present study is devoted to the examination of the Gorki sloboda in the context of the historical topography of the city of Tver’ in the late Middle Ages and Modern times. The purpose of the work is to identify the location of this settlement, as well as the characteristic features of its material culture. An integrated approach is applied to the use of available sources: the materials of archaeological excavations of 2015, data from cadasters’ descriptions of the 17th — early 18th centuries, cartographic sources of the 18th–19th centuries are involved in the analysis. As a result of the fulfilled research, it became possible, on the basis of archaeological data, to identify several stages of development, planning, and building of the Gorki sloboda, beginning from the 14th century and up to the early 18th century. The development of this section of the territory on the left bank of the T’maka River had begun in the 14th century. During the 15th century, it was, apparently, a residential and economic zone of a small (of little courtyards) settlement near the southwestern outskirts of Tver’. Residential and household buildings, the boundaries of the farmstead, and objects of material culture of this time have been identified. The period of greatest activity on this area, judging from the number of complexes, finds and fragments of pottery, falls on the 16th century. Underground constructions of residential and non-residential buildings, as well as stockades, are attributed to the settlement of this time. The material traces of the 17th–18th centuries are presented only slightly in the excavation, evidencing that the settlement of this time was probably decreasing in size and removing closer to the city precincts. The analysis of written sources in combination with cartographic data allowed to bring them in correlation with the obtained archaeological materials, as well as to clarify the location of the settlement on the outskirts of medieval Tver’.

KEYWORDS: Tver’, Gorki sloboda, urban topography, archaeological materials, cadsters’ books, cartography data

For citation: Lagutkin А. V. [Gorki sloboda in Tver’ of the Late Middle Ages — Modern Times: Results of Historical and Archaeological Researches]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2025, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 62–81. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-62-81 (In Russian).

Received 8 September
Accepted 13 November 2025

© 2025 The Author

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Elena V. Lagutkina
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Tver’ State University (Russia, Tver’)
ORCID: 0009-0000-9998-6161
E-mail: rushistory_tver@mail.ru

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UDC 94(470.331):902
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-82-99

ABSTRACT. The present study is devoted to the study of the historical past of the Isayevskaya sloboda of Tver’ in the 16th–18th centuries. The purpose of the article is to identify the place and role of this settlement in the city’s historical development through this period. The tasks are to locate the settlement on the historical map of Tver’, to study the materials of archaeological excavations and compare them with data from written and cartographic sources, as well as to identify the stages of development of the settlement. The work uses an integrated approach to the available sources: the materials of archaeological excavations of 2009–2010, evidences from written sources of the 17th century, cartographic sources of the 19th century are analyzed. As a result of the research, it has been possible to identify several stages of development, planning and building of a part of Isayevskaya sloboda — from the 16th century and up to the beginning of the 19th century. The first stage is related with the period of the 16th — early 17th centuries. Sloboda at that time was the owner’s village, which was seriously damaged during the Troubles. The underground structures of residential and non-residential buildings, utility pits, various household and domestic items reflecting the way of life and functioning of one of the courtyards of the settlement are associated with the settlement of this time. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, sloboda which became part of the urban area, remained sparsely populated, and the material culture of this period was not expressive. The development of the site studied in the course of excavations resumed in the first third of the 18th century, with the construction of a residential building furnished with a basement and outbuildings. Finally, the last significant reconstruction of the courtyard was carried out at the end of the 18th century, which could be related to the construction of a nearby stone church. Thus, the residential and economic activities of Isayevskaya sloboda, as the outskirts of Tver’, generally reflects the main stages of the city’s development at this time.

KEYWORDS: Tver’, Isayevskaya sloboda, urban topography, archaeological materials, cadasters’ books, cartography data, 16th–19th centuries

For citation: Lagutkina Е. V. [Isayevskaya Sloboda of Tver’ as Viewed through the Archaeological and Written Sources]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2025, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 82–99. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-82-99 (In Russian).

Received 3 June 2025
Accepted 3 November 2025

© 2025 The Author

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Sergey V. Bogdanov
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Tver’ State University (Russia, Tver’)
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-5856
Е-mail: serg_bogdanov@mail.ru

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UDC 94(470.331)«16»
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-100-121

ABSTRACT. The article undertakes an attempt to create graphical model for the topography of Tver’s Zatveretsky township (posad) within the second half of the 17th century. The relevance of such study is due, on the one hand, to the lack of a documented plan for the pre-regular (street) layout of Tver’, on the other hand, to the controversy in the researchers’ propositions for the reconstructions of Tver’s topography of the middle and second half of the 17th century. The aim of modeling is to reconstruct the pre-regular topography of Tver’ on the basis of data from the cadasters’ books of the 17th century and archaeological data, and to localize such focal points of cityscape as the churches. The model simulation is carried out by constructing a graphical plan of one of Tver’s townships — Zatveretsky — on the basis of information on the city courtyards and sites mentioned in the Tver’ cadasters’ book of 1685–1686. The latter, unlike the previous cadasters’ and census books concerned with Tver’, contains information on the sizes of courtyards, empty courtyards and courtyard sites, «monasteries» (church cemeteries), which, in some cases, allows localizing more accurately the city-forming objects — churches, or reconstructing the directions of the streets of Tver’s Zatveretsky posad. As a result of the work carried out, firstly, a graphical model for the topographic plan of the Zatveretsky posad of Tver’ in the second half of the 17th century has been proposed, which shows the lines of streets together with courtyards (such a reconstruction differs significantly from the one proposed by A.V. Shchenkov); secondly, the localization of the unsaved wooden churches of the Zatveretsky posad of Tver’ has been ascertained, where «monasteries» — cemeteries — were established in the second half of the 17th century. These results of the study may have applied significance for implementing archaeological researches on the territory of a contemporary city.

KEYWORDS: topography of medieval Russian cities, pre-regular buildings, Tver’, churches, streets, cadasters’ books

For citation: Bogdanov S. V. [Towards the Reconstruction of the Topography of Tver’s Zaveretsky Posad in the Second Half of the 17th Century: Temples, Cemeteries, Streets]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2025, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 100–121. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-100-121 (In Russian).

Received 14 August 2025
Accepted 1 December 2025

© 2025 The Author

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Ekaterina A. Bulakova
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS (Russia, Ekaterinburg)
ORCID: 0000-0002-2935-0018
E-mail: bulakovaeakaterina@gmail.com

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UDC 94(470.5):902
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-122-133

ABSTRACT. This article presents the results of a study of written and accessible archaeological materials on ceramics in Ekaterinburg during the modern period, covering the period from the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the study is the historical-cultural approach developed by A. A. Bobrinsky, which allows us to go beyond simple typologization and consider ceramics as a product of a dynamic pottery system encompassing material production, social relations, and cultural traditions. The study attempts to systematize data on pottery centers (both urban and district), the range and technological features of production, and the types of pottery produced in connection with the Ekaterinburg market. Based on the collected information, the most relevant descriptive terms for the pottery collections were analyzed and refined. Comparison of written data with material finds allowed us to identify key technological groups of ceramics (unglazed red-brown, nielloed, black-burnished, and glazed in different colors) and determine their connections to pottery centers and chronological periods. This study demonstrates that, with this methodological approach, extensive archaeological material becomes a valuable source for reconstructing historical and cultural processes and enables the study of pottery as a holistic system. The results open up new perspectives for studying the development of local production, ceramic production technology, and the interactions between potters and consumers. They also highlight the need to publish archaeological collections in comprehensive research articles and present ceramic material from the city’s early modern sites at conferences.

KEYWORDS: Modern archaeology, urban archaeology, Ekaterinburg, pottery, historical and cultural approach, written sources

For citation: Bulakova Е. А. [Pottery of Ekaterinburg in the Modern Period (Late 19th — early 20th Centuries): Correlation of Written and Archaeological Sources]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2025, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 122–133. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2025-4-4-122-133 (In Russian).

Received 8 September 2025
Accepted 25 December 2025

© 2025 The Author

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