Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511

Evgeniy S. Grishin
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: bibliosof-info@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-9521-2246

Dmitriy A. Krutov
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: krutovdmitry999@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-5513-663X

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UDC 912.44:930.2
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2023-2-1-44-59

ABSTRACT. This article is devoted to the methodology and practice of composition of regional complex historical atlases on the example of historical and thematic mapping of the Crimean Peninsula as part of the Taurida Governorate. As part of a comparative analysis of the distinctive features of regional complex historical atlases the authors presents representative examples of regional and national mapping in the second half of the 20th century which contributed to the emergence of a niche for national historical atlases. The practice of composition of national historical atlases promoted to the noticeable development of historical cartographic research, but it does not allow to solve the problem of continuity and coherence of historical maps of different themes qualitatively due to its specificity. Regional complex historical atlases can more accurately convey spatial information of various themes owing to more stable mapping object within their boundaries and the vastness of the source base at the polyscale level. Crimea (1768–1917) was chosen as a representative object for compositing the regional complex historical atlas due to the diversity of the peninsula’s geographical environment, dynamic socio-economic and demographic processes and the presence of a wide base of various primary sources from statistical reviews to travelers’ reports. The main theoretical approaches to the grouping of maps and sections, potential topics of regional historical mapping and possible typological solutions for their representation were highlighted based on the structure of the Crimea atlas. Particular attention is paid to the problems of navigation and review of such atlases, which should consider the specifics of the theoretical composition and content of regional historical maps.

KEYWORDS: regional complex historical atlas, Crimean Peninsula, thematic mapping, atlas structure, scale levels, map typology, atlas review

For citation: Grishin E.S., Krutov D.A. The Practice of Composing Regional Complex Historical Atlases // Historical Geography Journal. 2023. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 44–59.

REFERENCES

• Bilich Yu. S., Vasmut A. S. Proyektirovaniye i sostavleniye kart [Design and Composition of Maps]. Moscow: NedraPubl., 1984. (In Russian).
• Garaevskaya L. S. Redaktirovaniye melkomasshtabnykh kart i atlasov [Editing of Small-Scale Maps and Atlases]. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1966. (In Russian).
• Grishin E. S., Umansky L. A. [Methodological Foundations of Regional Historical Mapping Based on the Material of a Unified Digital Model of the European Part of the Russian Empire]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2022, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 6–29. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2022-1-1-6-29 (In Russian).
• Kompleksnyye regional’nyye atlasy [Complex Regional Atlases]. Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo un-ta Publ., 1976. (In Russian).
• Leontiev N. F. Tematicheskaya kartografiya [Thematic Cartography]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1981. (In Russian).
• Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye karty v kompleksnykh regional’nykh atlasakh [Socio-Economic Maps in Complex Regional Atlases]. Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo un-ta Publ., 1968. (In Russian).
• Vostokova A. V. Oformleniye kart [Design of Maps]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo MGU Publ., 1985. (In Russian).

Anna S. Avilova
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: annriver@mail.ru
ORCID: 0009-0007-5981-9431

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UDC 94(477.75):528.92
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2023-2-1-60-77

ABSTRACT. The article’s main topic is the ways of compiling retrospective (historically oriented) climate maps based on the monitoring data of meteorological stations of the 19th — early 20th centuries. To solve the problem, the author provides a review of sources that contain data on the climate of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. First of all, these are monitoring tables with various indicators: local temperature, precipitation and other information. The complexity of working with these sources and their poor demand in modern historiography are indicated. In view of the importance of climate in studying the development of a territory, its factor must be taken into account when studying various processes; hence, the need arises for the composition of original retrospective climate maps based on the data available from the sources. As a reference material, data on the climate of the Taurida province are used, on the basis of which maps of the average temperatures of January and July in the territory of Crimea were compiled. Due to the uneven distribution of monitoring stations on the peninsula, the author describes the course of his actions in calculating the temperature gradient and establishing temperature values at additional points. This makes it possible to compose isotherm maps. In these calculations, an important role belongs to the relief, which is especially important for the specifics of the Crimean region. The author also points out other factors in the formation of air temperature, including the role of water masses as a solar heat accumulator. Further actions are outlined for the construction of precipitation maps and the use of a set of climatic maps in historical and geographical research.

KEYWORDS: climate maps, retrospective mapping, climate sources

For citation: Avilova A. S. Composing Retrospective Climatic Maps of the Regional Level Based on Monitoring Data from the 19th Century on the Example of Crimea as Part of the Russian Empire // Historical Geography Journal. 2023. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 60–77.

REFERENCES

• Anisimov M. V., Byshev V. I., Zalesny V. B., Moshonkin S. N., Neiman V. G., Romanov Yu. A., Serykh I. V. [On Inter-Decadal Climate Oscillations in the North-Atlantic Region]. Sovremennyye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa [Current Problems in Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space], 2012, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 304–311. (In Russian).
• Anichkina N. V., Rostom G. R. [The Degree of Influence of Ocean Surface Currents on Adjacent Land Climate]. Uspekhi sovremennogo yestestvoznaniya [Advances in Current Natural Sciences], 2016, no. 12-1, pp. 122–126. (In Russian).