Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511

Evgeniy S. Grishin
Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: bibliosof-info@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-9521-2246

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UDC 528.96
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-1-6-21

ABSTRACT. This article is devoted to the methodological and editorial issues of the formation and use of conventional signs when carrying out historical and cartographic work. It indicates the relevance of historical cartographic semantics, which usually does not receive proper reflection in works on the methodology for preparing historical maps. The author formulates the basic requirements for graphical means of the historical map in relation to their syntax, semantic compliance and general readability; provides the methodological basis for constructing and using symbols. Attention is paid to the structure of historical semantics and its individual blocks. A separate block of the article is devoted to the classification of signs and their areas of application. A description of the symbol resources is given. Sources of replenishment of symbols and mechanisms for the formation of new symbols are given. For each geometric type of symbol, an analysis of the various situations in which it can be used is presented; examples are given that reveal the informational and methodological potential of various techniques for using conventional signs. The article clarifies the concept of a reference base of symbols, which is a set of all available signs, grouped by thematic headings. The methodological provisions of the article are based on the practice of general and thematic mapping, as well as on the author’s personal profes- sional experience. The article is supplemented with examples of the thematic legends design, which can be used as a guide for the further accumulation of a reference base of symbols or for direct use when working with historical maps.

KEYWORDS: symbols, historical cartography, semantics.

For citation: Grishin E. S. , Semantics of the Historical Map. Constructing and Using Symbols for Historical Maps // Historical Geography Journal. 2024 Vol. 3 № 1 P. 6–21.

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Mikhail S. Baklykov
Ural Federal University
Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: mikhail_baklykov@mail.ru
ORCID: 0009-0001-1974-4267

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UDC 94(624)“2011/2022”:004
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-1-22-35

ABSTRACT. TThe purpose of the study is to highlight the key factors that explain the nature and causes of permanent interreligious and interethnic conflicts in South Sudan in 2011–2022 and using them to classify the territories of South Sudan according to conflict potential. The article describes the experience of using geographic information systems to analyze key factors (ethnic composition of the population, number of refugees, food security index and oil infrastructure) that make up the territory’s conflict potential (in connection with the armed conflict in South Sudan after its declaration of independence). A comprehensive study of historical, demographic, ethnic, religious, economic and social factors that became the causes of the conflict, allows understanding the dynamics of economic processes in Sudan, and applying the experience gained when taking into account other conflicts in the region, including new possible options in Sudan and South Sudan. The author identifies the most conflict-prone areas of South Sudan — Manyo, Maiwut, Melut and Bayley in the Upper Nile states, in which there are interethnic conflicts between the Nuer and Shilluk tribes, low levels of food security, as well as developing oil reserves and oil pipelines. The results of the study can be used in the process of rapid response and proactive actions aimed at preventing crisis situations in those regions of South Sudan where the risk of emerging more complex problems is high.

KEYWORDS: armed conflict, Sudan, South Sudan, civil war in South Sudan, geographic information system.

For citation: Baklykov M. S. Using GIS to Analyze a Conflict Area: The Example of the Armed Conflict in South Sudan after the Declaration of Independence (2011–2022) // Historical Geography Journal. 2024 Vol. 3 № 1 P. 22–35.

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