Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511 (Print) | ISSN 3034-5286 (Online)

Alexey L. Musikhin
Independent Researcher
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
E-mail: a-musikhin@narod.ru
ORCID: 0009-0004-9324-3796

 Download | Back to the Content № 4. 2024

UDC 94(470.342)
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-8-19

ABSTRACT. The article examines the 19th – 21st centuries historiography of the localization of the town of Afatkun, mentioned in the 14th – early 15th centuries encyclopedias of the Mamluk period by employees of the state Chancellery of Egypt al-Umari and al-Qalqashandi. According to the encyclopedias, Afatkun was located north of the city of Bulgar. The most common versions of researchers are: Afatkun is the land of the Visu or Vogul people or these peoples themselves; Afatkun is the Rozhdestvenskoye settlement archaeological site on the Upper Kama; Afatkun is one of the cities of Vyatka land with the Russian name Vyatka. It is established that for the most accurate localization of this settlement, a combination of four factors is necessary: identification of the correct reading of the name and its interpretation; translation into the metric system of the number of days of travel from Bulgar to this locality; astronomical and mathematical calculation of the northern latitude of the locality based on the duration of the shortest night in it; the time of appearance of this locality in the Egyptian encyclopedias. Considering all factors, it was found that at present the most well-grounded is the A. N. Polyak — V. V. Napolskykh version that the town, correctly read as Afatkun, was located on the territory of the somewhat later formed Vyatka land, named in the al-Qalqashandi encyclopedia by the same name, and is identified with the Russian name Vyatka. This means that the toponym Vyatka appeared in the al-Umari encyclopedia about 25–30 years earlier than in the all-Russian chronicles.

KEYWORDS: encyclopedias of the Mamluk period, al-Umari, al-Qalqashandi, Bulgar, Afatkun, Vyatka land, Rozhdestvenskoye settlement.

For citation: Musikhin A. L. [Afatkun: Vyatka or the Rozhdestvenskoe Settlement: Historiography of the Question]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2024, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 8–19. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-8-19 (In Russian).

Received 5 August 2024
Accepted 2 December 2024

© 2024 The Author

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Vladimir A. Korshunkov
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Vyatka State University
Kirov, Russia
E-mail: vla_kor@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-6150-8308

 Download | Back to the Content № 4. 2024

UDC 94(470.342)
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-20-35

ABSTRACT. The paper draws attention to the fact that for a long time, up to our days, there is a statement in the scientific and local history literature that in the territory of the city of Vyatka (Kirov) before the appearance of the Russian population there were Udmurt pagan sanctuaries. The paper is based on archival and other written sources. It analyzes an archival document of the mid-19th century, revealed by the author, which was written by a well-known in the Vyatka region Orthodox priest and missionary. This priest pointed to three places within the city of Vyatka and in its vicinity, where, in his opinion, pagan sanctuaries could have been located: a well on the square near the cathedral, a lake in the forest (it was called in other sources Nizhny Potok) and a place in the center of the city, where the annual ritual fest Svistoplyaska (Svistunya) was held. The author offers a contemporary interpretation of the ritual actions on Nizhny Potok and Svistoplyaska fest. Their features are typical of the so-called “folk Orthodoxy” and hardly go back to pagan antiquity. The paper shows that the 19th century Orthodox missionaries, reconstructing the pagan past of the Vyatka land, correlated non-canonical rites with the pre-Christian, i. e. Udmurt population. There is no reliable data on pagan sanctuaries within the city yet.

KEYWORDS: historical geography, historical local lore, urban archeology, archival sources, Vyatka (Khlynov), Udmurts, pagan religion.

For citation: Korshunkov V. A. [Were There Any Pagan Shrines within the City of Vyatka?]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2024, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 20–35. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-20-35 (In Russian).

Received 1 September 2024
Accepted 2 December 2024

© 2024 The Author

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