Historical Geography Journal ISSN 2782-6511 (Print) | ISSN 3034-5286 (Online)

Aleksandr A. Belik
Candidate of Culturology, Independent Researcher
St.-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: aleksandr.bellik@gmail.com
ORCID: 0009-0000-8506-860X

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UDC 94(470.342)«17/18»
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-36-49

ABSTRACT. The article examines the specifics of communications of the Vyatka merchants in the geocultural and sociocultural contexts. This topic is analyzed within the framework of the synthesis of historical and cultural approaches. The agrarian character of the Vyatka region allowed it to become one of the main grain markets of the Russian Empire already in the second half of the 17th century. It is concluded that in choosing markets, the Vyatka merchants relied on traditions and preferred to deliver their goods to where their fathers and grandfathers had previously traded. So entrepreneurs of the northern and part of the central uyezds (Vyatka, Kotelnichsky, Orlovsky and Slobodsky) focused mainly on the northern and western provinces, entrepreneurs of the southern and part of the central counties (Glazovsky, Yelabuga, Malmyzhsky, Nolinsky and Sarapulsky) — on the southern and eastern ones. The geography of the Vyatka merchants’ trade relations gradually increased. The trading operations of the Vyatka merchants outside the Vyatka region can be divided into two groups: domestic and international. All goods exported by the Vyatka merchants can be divided into three groups. The first included agricultural products (beef, pork, bread), the second – processed raw materials (iron, leather, flax, timber, copper, hemp, potash, lard), the third – industrial goods (paper, leather goods, furs, linen, candles, glass products). The basis of trade between the Vyatka merchants and other provinces was grain, timber and linen. For large deposits, wealthy peasants sometimes helped the merchants in this, traveling around numerous torzhky and fairs and buying goods from rural residents. In general, the period under review was marked by active movements of merchant goods towards the port of Arkhangelsk. Domestic Russian trade through the Arkhangelsk and St. Petersburg ports required from merchants adapting to the situation and finding solutions to the current economic problems. The merchants themselves worked out 3 possible solutions, Catherine II convened a special commission for this, and the local administration tried to maintain the merchants’ business reputation in the foreigners’ eyes.

KEYWORDS: merchants’ everyday life, bread market, wealthy peasants’ help, projects to mitigate the consequences of crises, foreign partners, Catherine II special commission.

For citation: Belik А. А. [Vyatka Merchants’ Trading Operations outside of the Vyatka Region (Late 18th — First Half of the 19th Centuries)]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2024, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 36–49. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-36-49 (In Russian).

Received 11 September 2024
Accepted 17 December 2024

© 2024 The Author

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Mikhail S. Sudovikov
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Kirov Regional Universal Scientific Library named after A. I. Herzen, Vyatka State University
Kirov, Russia
E-mail: region@herzenlib.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-6278-0043

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UDC 94(470.342)«17/19»
DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-50-57

ABSTRACT. The territorial development of the Vyatka region has been a complex historical process due to the political formation of the Russian state, socio-economic and demographic changes. The article states that the territory of a vast region — the Vyatka land, later the Vyatka governorate – was formed mainly in two ways: natural, or historical — at the early stages of formation, associated with the Slavic development of the region, and administrative, or reformatory — in the later period. As in Russia as a whole, an important role in the territorial development was played by the Petrine and Catherinian reforms, which, breaking the existing administrative-territorial structure, retained the historical name of the area, therefore, despite the expansion of administrative borders, the continuity between the concepts of “Vyatka land”, “Vyatka province” and “Vyatka governorate” was preserved. The social and cultural changes that took place in the 18th and 19th centuries also had a significant impact on the development of the region. The author believes that the experience of the formation and existence within the designated administrative boundaries of the Vyatka governorate can be considered successful from the point of view of both the implementation of state policy and the interests of the local multinational population. The territorial specifics of the Vyatka region included its location on the border of the Center of Russia and the Urals with Siberia, the Russian North and the Volga region, the combination of traditions of European and Eastern peoples in the local culture, the presence of rich experience of local self-government, the weak development of noble land ownership and a significant predominance of the peasant population. The multinational population consisting of the Russians, Tatars, Udmurts and other peoples enriched the region’s cultural landscape.

KEYWORDS: territorial development, Vyatka land, Vyatka governorate, reforms of Peter the Great, reforms of Catherine the Great, zemstvo, capitalist modernization.

For citation: Sudovikov M. S. [General and Specific Features of Territorial Development of the Vyatka Governorate in the Late 18th — Early 20th Centuries: To the Formulation of the Question]. Istoriko-geograficheskiy zhurnal [Historical Geography Journal], 2024, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 50–57. DOI: 10.58529/2782-6511-2024-3-4-50-57 (In Russian).

Received 02 September 2024
Accepted 17 December 2024

© 2024 The Author

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